תזונה ותוספים Macronutrients and obesity: views, news and reviews

[Mike Bikov]

Future Lipidology
February 2008, Vol. 3, No. 1, Pages 43-74 , DOI 10.2217/17460875.3.1.43
(doi:10.2217/17460875.3.1.43)

Review
Macronutrients and obesity: views, news and reviews
Lise Madsen†, Bjørn Liaset & Karsten Kristiansen
University of Southern Denmark, Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark and, National Institute of Nutrition & Seafood Research, Bergen, Norway, and, Institute of Medicine, Section of Medical Biochemistry University of Bergen, Norway. [email protected]
National Institute of Nutrition & Seafood Research, Bergen, Norway
University of Southern Denmark, Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
†Author for correspondence


Profound changes in macronutrient composition of food have taken place since the agricultural revolution, leading to a higher dietary intake of carbohydrates at the expense of protein, and a dramatically increased intake of n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) at the expense of n-3 PUFAs. This review focuses on how macronutrients impact on molecular processes central to appetite regulation and energy homeostasis. We discuss the effects on transcription factors, implicated as key players in adipocyte differentiation and function, including PPARs, sterol regulatory element binding proteins and liver X receptors. Furthermore, as energy homeostasis is to a large extent orchestrated by the gut–brain axis, we discuss key hormones involved in the regulation of energy balance and appetite.

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