תזונה ותוספים Diet and cancer.

[Mike Bikov]

Swiss Med Wkly. 2011 Sep 9;141:w13250. doi: 10.4414/smw.2011.13250.

Diet and cancer.

Wicki A, Hagmann J.

Source
Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Departement of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 28, 4058 Basel, CH. [email protected].

Abstract
Large claims have been made for the effectiveness of particular diets in preventing cancer or inhibiting its progression. However, more recent clinical studies have not confirmed this. Instead it seems that rather than specific dietary constituents, total calories influence cancer incidence and progression. In this review article, we summarise and interpret the available evidence for links between diet and cancer.

PMID: 21904992 [PubMed - in process]​

Full Text:
http://www.smw.ch/content/smw-2011-13250/​

 

[EMZ]

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Conclusions

If by changing our eating behaviour we can reduce the number of cancer patients, information on what is harmful and what might help will interest both individuals and society. However, we should beware of the cavalier attitude of “If it doesn’t help, at least it doesn’t do any harm” and not recommend diets with no proven benefit. Changing the eating behaviour of whole populations might have unforeseen effects when, for example, people replace something supposedly unhealthy with something equally bad or worse [99]. It may affect the economy, it may tempt legislators to introduce “incentives” or taxes that have no scientific basis, and last but not least, cancer patients might unnecessarily reproach themselves their past behaviour.

We have therefore subjected the often sanguine claims made in the past, mostly based on case-control studies, to a critical analysis comparing them to more recent and larger cohort studies and, if available, controlled randomised trials. These are our conclusions:

‒ Obesity leads to a limited but real increase of cancer risk and mortality, possibly due to an over-stimulation of mTOR-related pathways. Minimising those stimuli by limiting calorie-intake and the number of meals eaten per day is recommended.

‒ Alcohol is a carcinogen and increases cancer incidence and mortality.

‒ Consumption of fat or meat per se (independent of total calorie intake) probably does not increase the risk.

‒ Increasing the consumption of tea, coffee, fruits or vegetables is not expected to impact significantly on cancer rates, at least not in well-nourished populations.

‒ There is currently no compelling evidence that supplementing vitamins, antioxidants or other micronutrients reduces cancer incidence.
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