סקירת טעמים לנרגילה אחרי קניה

[subzero1122]

נרגילה זה אנאבולי

 

[vithano]

נרגילה זה אנאבולי

גם ביצי נשר :D:bananaparty:

 

[Mike Bikov]

זה תלוי בין היתר כמה מעשנים, יש כמה מסמכים בעניין.

Hookah smoking and cancer: carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels in exclusive/ever hookah smokers.

Sajid KM, Chaouachi K, Mahmood R.Multan Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Radiotherapy (MINAR), Multan, Pakistan. [email protected]


1: Harm Reduct J. 2008 May 24;5:19. Links

.
ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: We have recently published some work on CEA levels in hookah (also called narghile, shisha elsewhere) and cigarette smokers. Hookah smokers had higher levels of CEA than non-smokers although mean levels were low compared to cigarette smokers. However some of them were also users of other tobacco products (cigarettes, bidis, etc.). OBJECTIVES: To find serum CEA levels in ever/exclusive hookah smokers, i.e. those who smoked only hookah (no cigarettes, bidis, etc.), prepared between 1 and 4 times a day with a quantity of up to 120 g of a tobacco-molasses mixture each (i.e. the tobacco weight equivalent of up to 60 cigarettes of 1 g each) and consumed in 1 to 8 sessions. METHODS: Enhanced chemiluminescent immunometric technique was applied to measure CEA levels in serum samples from 59 exclusive male smokers with age ranging from 20-80 years (mean = 58.8 +/- 14.7 years) and 8-65 years of smoking (mean = 37.7 +/- 16.8). 36 non-smokers served as controls. Subjects were divided into 3 groups according to the number of preparations; the number of sessions and the total daily smoking time: Light (1; 1; </= 20 minutes); Medium (1-3; 1-3; >20 min to </= 2 hrs) and Heavy smokers (2-4; 3-8; >2 hrs to </= 6 hrs). Because of the nature of distribution of CEA levels among our individuals, Wilcoxon's rank sum two-sample test was applied to compare the variables. RESULTS: The overall CEA levels in exclusive hookah smokers (mean: 3.58 +/- 2.61 ng/ml; n = 59) were not significantly different (p </= 0.0937) from the levels in non-smokers (2.35 +/- 0.71 ng/ml). Mean levels in light, medium and heavy smokers were: 1.06 +/- 0.492 ng/ml (n = 5); 2.52 +/- 1.15 ng/ml (n = 28) and 5.11 +/- 3.08 ng/ml (n = 26) respectively. The levels in medium smokers and non-smokers were also not significantly different (p </= 0.9138). In heavy smokers, the CEA levels were significantly higher than in non-smokers (p </= 0.0001567). CONCLUSION: Overall CEA levels in exclusive hookah smokers were low compared to cigarette smokers. However, heavy hookah smoking substantially raises CEA levels. Low-nitrosamines smokeless tobacco of the SNUS Swedish type could be envisaged as an alternative to smoking for this category of users and also, in a broad harm reduction perspective, to the prevalent low-quality moist snuff called naswar.
​

​

[Spirometric profile of narghile smokers]

[Article in French]

1: Rev Mal Respir. 2009 Mar;26(3):299-314.
​

Ben Saad H, Khemiss M, Bougmiza I, Prefaut C, Aouina H, Mrizek N, Garrouche A, Zbidi A, Tabka Z.

Service de Physiologie et Explorations Fonctionnelles, EPS Farhat Hached, Sousse, Tunisie. [email protected]

INTRODUCTION: Studies of the spirometric profile of narghile smokers are few, have some methodologic limits (ie. small sample size) and present contradictory conclusions. OBJECTIVE: (i) To determine the percentage of smokers having an obstructive ventilatory defect (OVD) and/or a restrictive ventilatory defect (RVD) or static hyperinflation (SHI). (ii) To compare the chronological and the estimated lung ages. POPULATION AND METHODS: Inclusion criteria: men aged 20-60 years smoking narghile (>1 narghile-year (NA). Non-inclusion criteria: cigar or cigarettes smoker and co-morbidity. Narghile consummation quantification: NA and kg of cumulated tobacco (1 NA=9.125 kg of cumulated tobacco). Definitions: large airway OVD: FEV1/FVC<lower limit of normal (LLN). Small airway OVD: FVC>LLN and forced mid expiratory flow<LLN. RVD: total lung capacity<LLN. SHI: residual volume>upper limit of normal. Spirometric measures (Vmax 22 Series/6200 Autobox, Yorba Linda, California, USA with measurement of functional residual capacity by nitrogen washout). Measurements were made according to international recommendations. RESULTS: 110 narghile smokers were included (34+/-10Yr; 1.76+/-0.07m; 84+/-14kg). 36% of subjects had SHI; 14% had small airway OVD; 14% had RVD and 6% had large airway OVD. (ii) Estimated lung age was higher than the chronological lung age (47+/-18Yr vs 34+/-10Yr, p<0.05). CONCLUSION: Narghile consumption accelerates ageing of the lung. This study provides the health authorities with valid arguments to fight this blight on society which increasingly involves children and pregnant women.

​

ffect of narghile and cigarette smoking on newborn birthweight

: BJOG. 2008 Jan;115(1):91-7. .

Tamim H, Yunis KA, Chemaitelly H, Alameh M, Nassar AH; National Collaborative Perinatal Neonatal Network Beirut, Lebanon.
School of Kinesiology and Health Science, Bethune College, Toronto, Canada.
OBJECTIVE: To assess the effect of narghile smoking on the weight of newborns. DESIGN: Historical retrospective cohort. SETTING: Six major hospitals in Greater Beirut, Lebanon. POPULATION: Consecutive singleton newborns delivered from August 2000 to August 2003. METHODS: Obstetric and nursery charts were reviewed to obtain information about maternal and neonatal variables. Information concerning initiation of smoking, dose of smoking, smoking habits during pregnancy, and socio-demographic characteristics was collected through interviews with mothers. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Low birthweight and newborn birthweight. RESULTS: Exclusive narghile smokers constituted 4.4% (378/8592) of women. Multiparas were significantly more likely to smoke cigarettes and narghile. Mothers smoking narghile more than once per day were at 2.4 increased odds of having low birthweight infants compared with nonsmoking mothers (OR 2.4; 95% CI 1.2-5.0) after adjusting for confounding variables. No difference was noted between women smoking narghile in the first trimester and those initiating smoking in subsequent trimesters regarding low birthweight. CONCLUSIONS: Narghile smoking more than once per day increases the odds of low birthweight by a 2.4-fold compared with nonsmokers, although to a lesser extent than cigarette smoking.

Alternative forms of tobacco use

1: Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. 2008 Jul;12(7):718-27.Click here to read .

Prignot JJ, Sasco AJ, Poulet E, Gupta PC, Aditama TY.
University of Louvain, Louvain, Belgium. [email protected]
BACKGROUND: A review of the available scientific literature concerning forms of tobacco use other than regular cigarettes, cigars and pipes, the nature of such products, prevalence data and trends, health effects, regulatory issues and preventive measures. RESULTS: Narghile (water pipe), bidis, kreteks and other forms of oral tobacco are traditionally used in many low-income countries, and some of these are currently spreading to the Western countries. They are all linked to negative effects similar to, and often greater than, those associated with common cigarette smoking. Various potentially reduced exposure products (PREPs), including snus, targeted at smokers aware of the health risks of regular cigarettes, have recently been developed by the tobacco industry. Their pathogenic potential varies widely and is not fully known; it is in any case greater than that of pure nicotine forms (such as medicinal nicotine). Their use as cigarette substitutes should not be considered even by inveterate smokers who are unable or unwilling to quit nicotine before further independent evaluation and control. CONCLUSIONS: There is no such thing as a safe tobacco product. Like cigarettes, alternative forms of tobacco use need regulatory measures that are adapted to local situations and supplemented by preventive measures within the World Health Organization's Framework Convention for Tobacco Control.

Food Chem Toxicol. 2008 Sep;46(9):2991-5. Epub 2008 Jun 4.
Charcoal emissions as a source of CO and carcinogenic PAH in mainstream narghile waterpipe smoke.

Monzer B, Sepetdjian E, Saliba N, Shihadeh A.
Department of Mechanical Engineering, American University of Beirut, Riad El Solh, Beirut, Lebanon.
Burning charcoal is normally placed atop the tobacco to smoke the narghile waterpipe. We investigated the importance of charcoal as a toxicant source in the mainstream smoke, with particular attention to two well-known charcoal emissions: carbon monoxide (CO) and polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAH). CO and PAH yields were compared when a waterpipe was machine smoked using charcoal and using an electrical heating element. The electrical heating element was designed to produce spatial and temporal temperature distributions similar to those measured using charcoal. With a popular type of ma'assel tobacco mixture, and using a smoking regimen consisting of 105 puffs of 530ml volume spaced 17s apart, it was found that approximately 90% of the CO and 75-92% of the 4- and 5-membered ring PAH compounds originated in the charcoal. Greater than 95% of the benzo(a)pyrene in the smoke was attributable to the charcoal. It was also found that the relative proportions of individual PAH species, the "PAH fingerprint", of the mainstream smoke were highly correlated to those extracted from the unburned charcoal (R(2)>0.94). In contrast, there was no correlation between the PAH fingerprint of the electrically heated and charcoal-heated conditions (R(2)<0.02). In addition to inhaling toxicants transferred from the tobacco, such as nicotine, "tar", and nitrosamines, waterpipe smokers thus also inhale large quantities of combustion-generated toxicants. This explains why, despite the generally low temperatures attained in the narghile tobacco, large quantities of CO and PAH have been found in the smoke.

​

 

[prUser]

<CONCLUSION: Narghile consumption accelerates ageing of the lung.>
בשביל זה יש אנטי אייג'ינג 😣

 

[itayzl]

There is no such thing as a safe tobacco product

זה פחות או יותר מסכם את הויכוח שלכם...


סיגריה,נרגילה = חרא

 

[temp]

קודם זה:


ועכשיו זה:




כל הטענות שלך בעד נרגילה כוללות כשלים לוגים כ"כ אוויליים?

מלך הפורום 👑.

 

[קפטן קקי]

asdasd לניהול פורום אוף-טופיק!

 

[vithano]

asdasd לניהול פורום אוף-טופיק!

יש בזה משהו,אפילו השם שלו אוף-טופיק

 

[Mamadu]

לגבי הטעמים, מה שנפוץ אצלינו במגזר זה טעם שנקרה תופאחתין (שני תפוחים) 99% מהאנשים שמעשנים נרגילה זה הטעם שלהם.
בכל מקרה יש לי מזל שלא התחברתי לזבל הזה יחד עם הסיגריות, למרות שאחי הבכור מעשן כל יום שתי קופסאות מרלבורו, והשני הנרגילה לא עוזבת אותו.

 

[subzero1122]

כשאתם קונים טעמים לנרגילה אתם מממנים את החיזבאללה

 

[subzero1122]

לגבי הטעמים, מה שנפוץ אצלינו במגזר זה טעם שנקרה תופאחתין (שני תפוחים) 99% מהאנשים שמעשנים נרגילה זה הטעם שלהם.
בכל מקרה יש לי מזל שלא התחברתי לזבל הזה יחד עם הסיגריות, למרות שאחי הבכור מעשן כל יום שתי קופסאות מרלבורו, והשני הנרגילה לא עוזבת אותו.

זה תפוח עראק לא?
זה באמת הטעם שהכי מריחים, אבל הוא די בינוני, גם נענע בדיוק ככה

הכי כיף היה לעשן קפוצ'ינו, קוקוס ודובדבן וואי איך הייתי חולה עליו

 

[Mamadu]

זה תפוח עראק לא?
זה באמת הטעם שהכי מריחים, אבל הוא די בינוני, גם נענע בדיוק ככה

ככה זה נראה לפנני כמה שנים:

היום קונים אותו אצלינו במשקל.

 

[subzero1122]

כן כן זה
זה גם הכי נפוץ.

חח אני זוכר היו לי נרגילות עם 4 יציאות, הייתי כל שבוע שם אותה באמבטיה עם מלח לימון ומרשה אותה.
אנשים לא טיפלו באוטו שלהם כמו שאני טיפלתי בנרגילה

 

[Mamadu]

אגב, בירדן יש את הטעמים הכי איכותיים, כל אלה מהמגזר שלומדים בירדן מביאים איתם לארץ בכמויות. זה יותר איכותי והרבה יותר זול.

 

[Omer]

כל אלה מהמגזר

חחחחחחחחחחחחחחחחחחחחחח 😣

 

[P-a-n-1-c]

כן כן זה
זה גם הכי נפוץ.

חח אני זוכר היו לי נרגילות עם 4 יציאות, הייתי כל שבוע שם אותה באמבטיה עם מלח לימון ומרשה אותה.
אנשים לא טיפלו באוטו שלהם כמו שאני טיפלתי בנרגילה

חחחחחחחחחחחחחחח 4 יציאות איזה פסיכי

 

[Mamadu]

חחחחחחחחחחחחחחחחחחחחחח 😣

מה מצחיק ?

 

[gad57]

חחחחחחחחחחחחחחח 4 יציאות איזה פסיכי

כיתה ט' הכנו אחת כזו , עם כד של מי עדן

 

[Shreder]

חחחחחחחחחחחחחחח 4 יציאות איזה פסיכי

לחבר שלי היה נרגילה ענקית עם ראש מרובע (ראש שמתפצל לארבעה ראשים) הייתה לוקח שאכטה והייתה מרגיש כאילו עישנתה אגזוז של אוטובוס בטעם תפוח

 

[Machinehead]

קודם זה:


ועכשיו זה:




כל הטענות שלך בעד נרגילה כוללות כשלים לוגים כ"כ אוויליים?

הנה TOMMYTHECAT 2.
😃