דעות, עובדות, מדע וניסיון של אנשים: מה יותר כדי, לקחת מקלחת חמה או קרה? מה אתם עושים? הדעות חלוקות.
מעניין. המחקרים הללו היו על מקלחת משולבת עם קור וחום ביניהם.
THE EFFECTS OF RECOVERY INTERVENTIONS ON CONSECUTIVE DAYS OF INTERMITTENT SPRINT EXERCISE
Monique King and Rob Duffield
ABSTRACT
King, M and Duffield, R. The effects of recovery interventions on consecutive days of intermittent sprint exercise. J Strength Cond Res 23(6): 1795–1802, 2009—The purpose of this study was to compare four recovery interventions following simulated team sport, intermittent-sprint exercise on consecutive days. Ten female netball players performed four randomized sessions of a simulated netball exercise circuit on consecutive days. Each condition consisted of two identical sessions (Session 1 and 2), with the recovery intervention implemented at the completion of Session 1. Participants performed all interventions involving: passive recovery, active recovery (ACT), cold water immersion (CWI) and contrast water therapy (CTWT). No significant differences (p . 0.05) were evident between conditions for exercise performance (vertical jump, 20-m sprint, 10-m sprint, total circuit time) during Session 2. Effect size data indicated trends for an ameliorated decline in 5 3 20-m sprints and vertical jump for CTWT and CWI, respectively. CTWT demonstrated a significant reduction (p = 0.04) in lactate post-intervention compared to ACT recovery. Further, ACT recovery resulted in a significantly elevated (p , 0.01) heart rate compared to all other conditions postintervention and demonstrated significantly higher (p , 0.01) rating of perceived exertion postintervention and muscle soreness preexercise Session 2. It is likely that while interventions may be applicable to team sport practices, the 24-hour recovery period between exercise bouts was sufficient to allow performance to be maintained, regardless of recovery interventions.
PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS
With team sport athletes often engaging in consecutive day exercise bouts during training and competition, recovery strategies are commonly performed at the completion of such sessions. Despite the implementation of recovery methods such as CWI and CTWT, there is minimal evidence to support the effectiveness of these strategies in aiding performance bouts separated by 24 hours of recovery. Although the results of the present study found that subsequent peak performance was not significantly improved by CWI or CTWT, the decline in exercise performance was less in the second session following these recovery strategies. Further, the use of these strategies resulted in an improved selfreported perceptual recovery. As it is important to overcome both physical and mental fatigue during sport, this finding may have significant implications when exercise is performed over a prolonged period of time as athlete’s perception of recovery was improved by both CWI and CTWT. While 24 hours is sufficient time to recover from such nondamaging exercise, these recovery strategies may assist the maintenance of performance and self-reported recovery for ensuing sessions, and therefore, may be of use at the conclusion of a training day. Also, this study highlights the importance of tailoring recovery sessions to the individual needs of athlete’s. Finally, further research should explore the acute effects of recovery on performance and the effects from more intense exercise and environmental conditions.
Effect of Hydrotherapy on Recovery from Fatigue
J. Vaile, S. Halson, N. Gill, B. Dawson
Abstract
The present study investigated the effects of three hydrotherapy interventions on next day performance recovery following strenuous training. Twelve cyclists completed four experimental trials differing only in 14-min recovery intervention: cold water immersion (CWI), hot water immersion (HWI), contrast water therapy (CWT), or passive recovery (PAS). Each trial comprised five consecutive exercise days of 105-min duration, including 66 maximal effort sprints. Additionally, subjects performed a total of 9-min sustained effort (time trial - TT). After completing each exercise session, athletes performed one of four recovery interventions (randomly assigned to each trial). Performance (average power), core temperature, heart rate (HR), and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) were recorded throughout each session. Sprint (0.1 - 2.2 %) and TT (0.0 - 1.7 %) performance were enhanced across the five-day trial following CWI and CWT, when compared to HWI and PAS. Additionally, differences in rectal temperature were observed between interventions immediately and 15-min post-recovery; however, no significant differences were observed in HR or RPE regardless of day of trial/intervention. Overall, CWI and CWT appear to improve recovery from high-intensity cycling when compared to HWI and PAS, with athletes better able to maintain performance across a five-day period.
THE EFFECT OF CONTRAST WATER THERAPY ON SYMPTOMS OF DELAYED ONSET MUSCLE SORENESS
JOANNA M. VAILE, NICHOLAS D. GILL, AND ANTHONY J. BLAZEVICH
ABSTRACT. Vaile, J.M., N.D. Gill, and A.J. Blazevich. The effect
of contrast water therapy on symptoms of delayed onset muscle
soreness. J. Strength Cond. Res. 21(2):697–702. 2007
This study examined the effect of contrast water therapy (CWT) on the physiological and functional symptoms of delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) following DOMS-inducing leg press exercise. Thirteen recreational athletes performed 2 experimental trials separated by 6 weeks in a randomized crossover design.
On each occasion, subjects performed a DOMS-inducing leg press protocol consisting of 5 10 eccentric contractions (180 seconds recovery between sets) at 140% of 1 repetition maximum (1RM). This was followed by a 15-minute recovery period incorporating either CWT or no intervention, passive recovery (PAS).
Creatine kinase concentration (CK), perceived pain, thigh volume, isometric squat strength, and weighted jump squat performance were measured prior to the eccentric exercise, immediately post recovery, and 24, 48, and 72 hours post recovery. Isometric force production was not reduced below baseline measures throughout the 72-hour data collection period following
CWT ( 4–10%). However, following PAS, isometric force production (mean SD) was 14.8 11.4% below baseline immediately post recovery (p 0.05), 20.8 15.6% 24 hours post recovery (p 0.05), and 22.5 12.3% 48 hours post recovery (p 0.05). Peak power produced during the jump squat was significantly reduced (p 0.05) following both PAS (20.9 13.4%) and CWT (12.8 8.0%), with the mean reduction in power for PAS being marginally (not significantly) greater than for CWT (effect size 0.76). Thigh volume measured immediately following CWT was significantly less than PAS. No significant differences in the changes in CK were found; in addition, there were no significant (p 0.01) differences in perceived pain between treatments. Contrast water therapy was associated with a smaller reduction, and faster restoration, of strength and power measured by isometric force and jump squat production following DOMS-inducing leg press exercise when compared to PAS.
Therefore, CWT seems to be effective in reducing and improving the recovery of functional deficiencies that result from DOMS, as opposed to passive recovery.
PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS
The findings of this study indicate that strength, power, and symptoms of DOMS are improved following CWT compared to passive recovery. These improvements in the recovery profile support CWT as a practical and low-cost recovery strategy. Therefore, CWT appears to be a recovery strategy that could easily be adopted and integrated into athletes’ recovery programs.
מעניין. המחקרים הללו היו על מקלחת משולבת עם קור וחום ביניהם.