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Aerobic Exercise Training Reduces Arterial Stiffness in Metabolic Syndrome
David A. Donley , Sara B. Fournier , Brian L. Reger , Evan DeVallance , Daniel E. Bonner , I. Mark Olfert , Jefferson C. Frisbee , Paul D. Chantler
Journal of Applied PhysiologyPublished 17 April 2014Vol. no. DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00151.2014
ABSTRACT
The metabolic syndrome (MetS) is associated with a 3-fold increase risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality partly due to increased arterial stiffening. We compared the effects of aerobic exercise training on arterial stiffening/mechanics in MetS without overt CVD or Type 2 Diabetes. MetS and healthy controls (Con) underwent 8 weeks of exercise training (ExT; 11 MetS and 11 Con) or remained inactive (NonT; 11 MetS and 10 Con). The following measures were performed pre and post intervention: radial pulse wave analysis (applanation tonometry) was used to measure augmentation pressure and index, central pressures, and an estimate of myocardial efficiency; arterial stiffness was assessed from carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV, applanation tonometry); carotid thickness was assessed from B-mode ultrasound; and peak aerobic capacity (gas exchange) was performed in the seated position. Plasma matrix metalloproteinases (MMP), and CVD risk (Framingham risk score) were also assessed. cfPWV was reduced (p<0.05) in MetS-ExT (7.9+0.6 to 7.2+0.4 m/s) and Con-ExT (6.6+1.8 to 5.6+1.6 m/s). Exercise training reduced (p<0.05) central systolic pressure (116+5 to 110+4, mmHg), augmentation pressure (9+1 to 7+1, mmHg), augmentation index (19+3 to 15+4%), and improved myocardial efficiency (155+8 to 168+9) but only in the MetS group. Aerobic capacity increased (p<0.05) in MetS-ExT (16.6±1.0 to 19.9±1.0) and Con-ExT (23.8±1.6 to 26.3±1.6). MMP-1 and 7 were correlated with cfPWV and both MMP-1 and 7 were reduced post-exercise training in MetS. These findings suggest that some of the pathophysiological changes associated with MetS can be improved after aerobic exercise training thereby lowering their CV risk.
David A. Donley , Sara B. Fournier , Brian L. Reger , Evan DeVallance , Daniel E. Bonner , I. Mark Olfert , Jefferson C. Frisbee , Paul D. Chantler
Journal of Applied PhysiologyPublished 17 April 2014Vol. no. DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00151.2014
ABSTRACT
The metabolic syndrome (MetS) is associated with a 3-fold increase risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality partly due to increased arterial stiffening. We compared the effects of aerobic exercise training on arterial stiffening/mechanics in MetS without overt CVD or Type 2 Diabetes. MetS and healthy controls (Con) underwent 8 weeks of exercise training (ExT; 11 MetS and 11 Con) or remained inactive (NonT; 11 MetS and 10 Con). The following measures were performed pre and post intervention: radial pulse wave analysis (applanation tonometry) was used to measure augmentation pressure and index, central pressures, and an estimate of myocardial efficiency; arterial stiffness was assessed from carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV, applanation tonometry); carotid thickness was assessed from B-mode ultrasound; and peak aerobic capacity (gas exchange) was performed in the seated position. Plasma matrix metalloproteinases (MMP), and CVD risk (Framingham risk score) were also assessed. cfPWV was reduced (p<0.05) in MetS-ExT (7.9+0.6 to 7.2+0.4 m/s) and Con-ExT (6.6+1.8 to 5.6+1.6 m/s). Exercise training reduced (p<0.05) central systolic pressure (116+5 to 110+4, mmHg), augmentation pressure (9+1 to 7+1, mmHg), augmentation index (19+3 to 15+4%), and improved myocardial efficiency (155+8 to 168+9) but only in the MetS group. Aerobic capacity increased (p<0.05) in MetS-ExT (16.6±1.0 to 19.9±1.0) and Con-ExT (23.8±1.6 to 26.3±1.6). MMP-1 and 7 were correlated with cfPWV and both MMP-1 and 7 were reduced post-exercise training in MetS. These findings suggest that some of the pathophysiological changes associated with MetS can be improved after aerobic exercise training thereby lowering their CV risk.
