נק' מוניטין:
58,705
Effect of the glycemic index of the diet on weight loss, modulation of satiety, inflammation, and other metabolic risk factors: a randomized controlled trial1,2,3
Martí Juanola-Falgarona, Jordi Salas-Salvadó, Núria Ibarrola-Jurado, Antoni Rabassa-Soler, Andrés Díaz-López, Marta Guasch-Ferré, Pablo Hernández-Alonso, Rafael Balanza, and Mònica Bulló
1From the Human Nutrition Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institut d'Investigació Sanitaria Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C/ Sant Llorenç, Reus, Spain (MJ-F, JS-S, NI-J, AD-L, MG-F, PH-A, RB, and MB); the Centros de Investigación Biomédica en Redobn Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Instituto de Salut Carlos III, Madrid, Spain (MJ-F, JS-S, NI-J, AD-L, MG-F, RB, and MB); and the Nutrition Unit, Internal Medicine Service, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan, Reus, Spain (AR-S).
↵2 Supported by the Institut d'Investigació Sanitaria Pere Virgili (PV11059S) and the Fondo de Investigación Sanitaria (PI120153).
↵3 Address reprint requests and correspondence to M Bulló, Human Nutrition Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C/ Sant Llorenç 21, 43201 Reus, Spain. E-mail: [email protected].
Abstract
Background: Low–glycemic index (GI) diets have been proven to have beneficial effects in such chronic conditions as type 2 diabetes, ischemic heart disease, and some types of cancer, but the effect of low-GI diets on weight loss, satiety, and inflammation is still controversial.
Objective: We assessed the efficacy of 2 moderate-carbohydrate diets and a low-fat diet with different GIs on weight loss and the modulation of satiety, inflammation, and other metabolic risk markers.
Design: The GLYNDIET study is a 6-mo randomized, parallel, controlled, clinical trial conducted in 122 overweight and obese adults. Participants were randomly assigned to one of the following 3 isocaloric energy-restricted diets for 6 mo: 1) a moderate-carbohydrate and high-GI diet (HGI), 2) a moderate-carbohydrate and low-GI diet (LGI), and 3) a low-fat and high-GI diet (LF).
Results: At weeks 16 and 20 and the end of the intervention, changes in body mass index (BMI; in kg/m2) differed significantly between intervention groups. Reductions in BMI were greater in the LGI group than in the LF group, whereas in the HGI group, reductions in BMI did not differ significantly from those in the other 2 groups (LGI: −2.45 ± 0.27; HGI: −2.30 ± 0.27; LF: −1.43 ± 0.27; F = 4.616, P = 0.012; pairwise comparisons: LGI compared with HGI, P = 1.000; LGI compared with LF, P = 0.016; HGI compared with LF, P = 0.061). The decrease in fasting insulin, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance, and homeostatic model assessment of β cell function was also significantly greater in the LGI group than in the LF group (P < 0.05). Despite this tendency for a greater improvement with a low-GI diet, the 3 intervention groups were not observed to have different effects on hunger, satiety, lipid profiles, or other inflammatory and metabolic risk markers.
Conclusion: A low-GI and energy-restricted diet containing moderate amounts of carbohydrates may be more effective than a high-GI and low-fat diet at reducing body weight and controlling glucose and insulin metabolism.
Martí Juanola-Falgarona, Jordi Salas-Salvadó, Núria Ibarrola-Jurado, Antoni Rabassa-Soler, Andrés Díaz-López, Marta Guasch-Ferré, Pablo Hernández-Alonso, Rafael Balanza, and Mònica Bulló
1From the Human Nutrition Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institut d'Investigació Sanitaria Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C/ Sant Llorenç, Reus, Spain (MJ-F, JS-S, NI-J, AD-L, MG-F, PH-A, RB, and MB); the Centros de Investigación Biomédica en Redobn Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Instituto de Salut Carlos III, Madrid, Spain (MJ-F, JS-S, NI-J, AD-L, MG-F, RB, and MB); and the Nutrition Unit, Internal Medicine Service, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan, Reus, Spain (AR-S).
↵2 Supported by the Institut d'Investigació Sanitaria Pere Virgili (PV11059S) and the Fondo de Investigación Sanitaria (PI120153).
↵3 Address reprint requests and correspondence to M Bulló, Human Nutrition Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C/ Sant Llorenç 21, 43201 Reus, Spain. E-mail: [email protected].
Abstract
Background: Low–glycemic index (GI) diets have been proven to have beneficial effects in such chronic conditions as type 2 diabetes, ischemic heart disease, and some types of cancer, but the effect of low-GI diets on weight loss, satiety, and inflammation is still controversial.
Objective: We assessed the efficacy of 2 moderate-carbohydrate diets and a low-fat diet with different GIs on weight loss and the modulation of satiety, inflammation, and other metabolic risk markers.
Design: The GLYNDIET study is a 6-mo randomized, parallel, controlled, clinical trial conducted in 122 overweight and obese adults. Participants were randomly assigned to one of the following 3 isocaloric energy-restricted diets for 6 mo: 1) a moderate-carbohydrate and high-GI diet (HGI), 2) a moderate-carbohydrate and low-GI diet (LGI), and 3) a low-fat and high-GI diet (LF).
Results: At weeks 16 and 20 and the end of the intervention, changes in body mass index (BMI; in kg/m2) differed significantly between intervention groups. Reductions in BMI were greater in the LGI group than in the LF group, whereas in the HGI group, reductions in BMI did not differ significantly from those in the other 2 groups (LGI: −2.45 ± 0.27; HGI: −2.30 ± 0.27; LF: −1.43 ± 0.27; F = 4.616, P = 0.012; pairwise comparisons: LGI compared with HGI, P = 1.000; LGI compared with LF, P = 0.016; HGI compared with LF, P = 0.061). The decrease in fasting insulin, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance, and homeostatic model assessment of β cell function was also significantly greater in the LGI group than in the LF group (P < 0.05). Despite this tendency for a greater improvement with a low-GI diet, the 3 intervention groups were not observed to have different effects on hunger, satiety, lipid profiles, or other inflammatory and metabolic risk markers.
Conclusion: A low-GI and energy-restricted diet containing moderate amounts of carbohydrates may be more effective than a high-GI and low-fat diet at reducing body weight and controlling glucose and insulin metabolism.
