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מה הוא אמור לעשות?
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.....Am J Clin Nutr. 2006 Mar;83(3):606-12.
Conjugated linoleic acid supplementation for 1 y does not prevent weight or body fat regain.
Larsen TM, Toubro S, Gudmundsen O, Astrup A.
Source
Department of Human Nutrition, Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University, Frederiksberg, Denmark. [email protected]
Abstract
BACKGROUND:
Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) is marketed as a safe, simple, and effective dietary supplement to promote the loss of body fat and weight. However, most previous studies have been of short duration and inconclusive, and some recent studies have questioned the safety of long-term supplementation with CLA.
OBJECTIVE:
Our aim was to assess the effect of 1-y supplementation with CLA (3.4 g/d) on body weight and body fat regain in moderately obese people.
DESIGN:
One hundred twenty-two obese healthy subjects with a body mass index (in kg/m2) > 28 underwent an 8-wk dietary run-in with energy restriction (3300-4200 kJ/d). One hundred one subjects who lost >8% of their initial body weight were subsequently randomly assigned to a 1-y double-blind CLA (3.4 g/d; n = 51) or placebo (olive oil; n = 50) supplementation regime in combination with a modest hypocaloric diet of -1250 kJ/d. The effects of treatment on body composition and safety were assessed with the use of dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and with blood samples and the incidence of adverse events, respectively.
RESULTS:
After 1 y, no significant difference in body weight or body fat regain was observed between the treatments. The CLA group (n = 40) regained a mean (+/-SD) 4.0 +/- 5.6 kg body weight and 2.1 +/- 5.0 kg fat mass compared with a regain of 4.0 +/- 5.0 kg body weight and 2.7 +/- 4.9 kg fat mass in the placebo group (n = 43). No significant differences in reported adverse effects or indexes of insulin resistance were observed, but a significant increase in the number of leukocytes was observed with CLA supplementation.
CONCLUSION:
A 3.4-g daily CLA supplementation for 1 y does not prevent weight or fat mass regain in a healthy obese population.
Nutr Rev. 2008 Jul;66(7):415-21.Conjugated linoleic acids: why the discrepancy between animal and human studies?
Plourde M, Jew S, Cunnane SC, Jones PJ.Source
Research Center on Aging and Departments of Medicine, and Physiology and Biophysics, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada. [email protected]
Abstract
Conjugated linoleic acids (CLA) are positional and geometric isomers of linoleic acid. In animals, CLA consumption reduces body fat but results in humans are less conclusive. This review of the literature on CLA and loss of body fat or body weight in humans was conducted to explore the reasons for the discrepancy between animal and clinical trials. It indicates that the incongruity between human and animal data is largely related to methodological differences in the experimental design, including age and gender and, to a lesser extent, to CLA dose and isomers. The relatively unknown metabolic fate of CLA in humans may also be a contributing factor that helps explain the lack of consistency for CLA efficacy across studies.
PMID:18667017 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
J Nutr Biochem. 2008 Jan;19(1):61-8. Epub 2007 May 24.Chromium picolinate and conjugated linoleic acid do not synergistically influence diet- and exercise-induced changes in body composition and health indexes in overweight women.
Department of Foods and Nutrition, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
Abstract
This study assessed the effects of combined chromium picolinate (CP) and conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) supplementation on energy restriction and exercise-induced changes in body composition, glucose metabolism, lipid lipoprotein profile and blood pressure in overweight, premenopausal women. For 12 weeks, 35 women [age 36+/-1 years (mean+/-S.E.M.); BMI 28.0+/-0.5 kg/m2] were counseled to consume a 2092 kJ/day (500 kcal/day) energy deficit diet and performed 30 min of moderate-intensity walking or jogging 5 days/week. The women were randomly assigned to ingest either CP-CLA [400 mug chromium (Cr), 1.8 g CLA in 2.4 g tonalin oil, n=19] or placebo (<0.1 microg Cr, 2.4 g canola oil, n=16). Compared to baseline, urinary Cr excretion increased 22-fold, plasma CLA isomer 18:2 (c9,t11) content increased 79% and plasma CLA isomer 18:2 (t10,c12) became detectable in CP-CLA and were unchanged in Placebo. Over time, body weight decreased 3.5+/-0.5% (CP-CLA -2.6+/-0.5; placebo -2.5+/-0.5 kg) and fat mass decreased 8.9+/-1.3% (CP-CLA -2.7+/-0.5, placebo -2.4+/-0.5 kg), with no differences in responses between groups. Fasting blood hemoglobin A1c, plasma glucose and insulin, a homeostatic assessment of insulin resistance, serum total cholesterol (CHOL), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triacylglycerol (TG), CHOL/HDL ratio, TG/HDL ratio and sitting systolic and diastolic blood pressures were not changed over time or influenced by CP-CLA. The use of a combined CP and CLA supplement for 3 months does not affect diet- and exercise-induced changes in weight and body composition or improve indexes of metabolic and cardiovascular health in young overweight women.
Am J Clin Nutr. 2007 May;85(5):1203-11.
Efficacy of conjugated linoleic acid for reducing fat mass: a meta-analysis in humans.
Whigham LD, Watras AC, Schoeller DA.
Source
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53792-6188, USA. [email protected]
Abstract
BACKGROUND:
Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) has been shown to be an effective supplement for reducing fat mass in animals, whereas results in humans have been inconsistent.
OBJECTIVE:
This is a meta-analysis of human studies in which CLA was provided as a dietary supplement to test its efficacy in reducing fat mass.
DESIGN:
We searched the PubMed database (National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, MD) and references from the resulting search to identify studies in which CLA was provided to humans in randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trials and in which body composition was assessed by using a validated technique.
RESULTS:
We identified 18 eligible studies. Of these, 3 were single-isomer studies, and results comparing CLA isomers were inconclusive. We compared the length of treatment by using studies in which a mixture of purified isomers were used and those in which purified trans-10,cis-12 isomers were used. This comparison indicated that the effect of CLA was linear for up to 6 mo and then slowly approached an asymptote at 2 y. An analysis of the dose effect indicated that fat loss compared with placebo was -0.024 kg x g CLA(-1) x wk(-1) (P=0.03). After adjustment to the median dose of 3.2 g CLA/d, CLA was effective and produced a reduction in fat mass for the CLA group alone (0.05 +/- 0.05 kg/wk; P<0.001) and for the CLA group compared with placebo (0.09 +/- 0.08 kg/wk; P<0.001)
CONCLUSION:
Given at a dose of 3.2 g/d, CLA produces a modest loss in body fat in humans.
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