אימונים Longitudinal interventions in elite swimming: a systematic review based on energetics

[Mike Bikov]

J Strength Cond Res. 2012 Apr 19. [Epub ahead of print]
Longitudinal interventions in elite swimming: a systematic review based on energetics, biomechanics and performance.
Costa MJ, Bragada JA, Marinho DA, Silva AJ, Barbosa TM.
Source

1Department of Sport Sciences, Polytechnic Institute of Bragança, Bragança, Portugal; 2Department of Sport Sciences, Exercise and Health, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal; 3Department of Sport Sciences, University of Beira-Interior, Covilhã, Portugal; 4Research Centre in Sports Science, Health and Human Development, Vila Real, Portugal.
Abstract

Longitudinal information requires the notion of repeated measurements throughout time. Such data is important since allows the determination of the effectiveness of an intervention program. Research in competitive swimming has given special emphasis to energetics and biomechanics as determinant domains to improve performance. The purpose of this systematic review was to summarize longitudinal evidences on the energetic, biomechanical and performance status of elite swimmers. A computerized search was made in six databases, conference proceedings and department files. The 28 studies that satisfied the inclusion criteria were selected for analysis. Studies' qualitative evaluation was made by two independent reviewers using the Quality Index. These studies were then gathered into three main categories according to their reported data: energetics (n=18), biomechanics (n=9) and/or performance (n=8). The conclusions were: (i) elite swimmers are able to demonstrate from slight to substantial changes in their performance, energetic and biomechanical profiles within and between seasons; (ii) the magnitude of change is dependent from the characteristics of the training programs, the duration of the intervention and subject's gender, and (iii) future research should emphasize the use of more complex procedures to improve the quality of the interventions​

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